Climate
According to climatologist Glenn G. Trewartha, a subtropical region should have at least eight months with a mean temperature of 10 °C (50.0 °F) or above. His revision of the Köppen climate classification assigns to such areas the letter C, while others zones encompassed in the original Köppen group C class would be considered part of group.
American climatologist John F. Griffiths in his book Applied climatology described the subtropical zone as having a coldest month of between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 18 °C (64.4 °F) and assigning to this group the letter B, while the original B group of Köppen taxonomy would be spread over the various temperature-based groups.
German climatologists Carl Troll and Karlheinz Paffen defined warmgemäßigte Zonen ("Warm temperate zones") plain and hilly lands having an average temperature of the coldest month between 2 °C (35.6 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in Northern Hemisphere and between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in Southern Hemisphere, excluding oceanic and continental climates. According to Troll-Paffen climate classification, generally exist one a large subtropical zone named Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima (en: warm-temperate subtropical zone) divided into seven smaller areas.
According to E. Neef climate classification subtropical zone divided into two parts: Winterregenklima der Westseiten (en: Rainy winters of the west sides) and Subtropisches Ostseitenklima (en: Eastern subtropical climate).
According to Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification subtropical zone divided into three parts: hoch-continental (high-continental), kontinental (continental) and maritim (maritime).
According to Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, subtropical is one of six climate zones in the world.
Mediterranean climate Main article: Mediterranean climate The Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa) is a particular variety of the subtropical climate found around the Mediterranean Sea, the largest area where this climate type is found, but it also prevails in much of California, in parts of Western and South Australia, in southwestern South Africa, in isolated regions of Central Asia, and in parts of central Chile.
The climate is characterized by warm to hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters. Mediterranean climate zones are associated with the five large subtropical high pressure cells of the oceans, the Azores High, South Atlantic High, North Pacific High, South Pacific High, and the Indian Ocean High which cause the dry summers.
Humid subtropical climate Main article: Humid subtropical climate The humid subtropical climate is a subtropical climate type characterized by hot, humid summers and warm to cool winters. The average annual precipitation may either be evenly distributed throughout the year (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) or marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter (Köppen climate classification: Cwa).
Humid subtropical climates lie on the southeast side of all continents, generally between latitudes 25° and 40° north and south. In East Asia, the influence of the Siberian anticyclone depresses winter temperatures, pushing the southern boundary of this regime to around China's Hainan Island, at latitude 20° N. In Europe and Middle East some small areas directly on or near inland of the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Sea coastlines fall in this climate, provided they have higher summer precipitation.
In subtropical climates the winters are relatively mild, sometimes warm but are also subject to brief intervals of sub-freezing weather and even snowfall, rarely lasting for long, with hot, wet conditions dominating over the much longer summer season. As one moves toward the tropical side the slight winter cool season disappears altogether, while at the poleward threshold of the subtropics the winters become much cooler, for example in Washington, DC or Milan, Italy.
American climatologist John F. Griffiths in his book Applied climatology described the subtropical zone as having a coldest month of between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 18 °C (64.4 °F) and assigning to this group the letter B, while the original B group of Köppen taxonomy would be spread over the various temperature-based groups.
German climatologists Carl Troll and Karlheinz Paffen defined warmgemäßigte Zonen ("Warm temperate zones") plain and hilly lands having an average temperature of the coldest month between 2 °C (35.6 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in Northern Hemisphere and between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in Southern Hemisphere, excluding oceanic and continental climates. According to Troll-Paffen climate classification, generally exist one a large subtropical zone named Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima (en: warm-temperate subtropical zone) divided into seven smaller areas.
According to E. Neef climate classification subtropical zone divided into two parts: Winterregenklima der Westseiten (en: Rainy winters of the west sides) and Subtropisches Ostseitenklima (en: Eastern subtropical climate).
According to Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification subtropical zone divided into three parts: hoch-continental (high-continental), kontinental (continental) and maritim (maritime).
According to Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, subtropical is one of six climate zones in the world.
Mediterranean climate Main article: Mediterranean climate The Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa) is a particular variety of the subtropical climate found around the Mediterranean Sea, the largest area where this climate type is found, but it also prevails in much of California, in parts of Western and South Australia, in southwestern South Africa, in isolated regions of Central Asia, and in parts of central Chile.
The climate is characterized by warm to hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters. Mediterranean climate zones are associated with the five large subtropical high pressure cells of the oceans, the Azores High, South Atlantic High, North Pacific High, South Pacific High, and the Indian Ocean High which cause the dry summers.
Humid subtropical climate Main article: Humid subtropical climate The humid subtropical climate is a subtropical climate type characterized by hot, humid summers and warm to cool winters. The average annual precipitation may either be evenly distributed throughout the year (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) or marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter (Köppen climate classification: Cwa).
Humid subtropical climates lie on the southeast side of all continents, generally between latitudes 25° and 40° north and south. In East Asia, the influence of the Siberian anticyclone depresses winter temperatures, pushing the southern boundary of this regime to around China's Hainan Island, at latitude 20° N. In Europe and Middle East some small areas directly on or near inland of the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Sea coastlines fall in this climate, provided they have higher summer precipitation.
In subtropical climates the winters are relatively mild, sometimes warm but are also subject to brief intervals of sub-freezing weather and even snowfall, rarely lasting for long, with hot, wet conditions dominating over the much longer summer season. As one moves toward the tropical side the slight winter cool season disappears altogether, while at the poleward threshold of the subtropics the winters become much cooler, for example in Washington, DC or Milan, Italy.